!±8±Evaluation of Ultrafiltration Membrane Pretreatment and Nanofiltration of Surface Waters
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Post Date : Feb 03, 2012 10:00:07
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Nanofiltration Membrane. Potable and Process Water ApplicationReliable, Proven and Cost-Effective
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The more wide-spread use of nanofiltration membranes in industrial applications is dependent upon understanding the fouling behavior of representative feed solutions, such as complex suspensions with both organic and colloidal inorganic foulants. In this thesis, three hypothesized mechanisms responsible for enhanced membrane flux decline in the presence of multiple foulant types are examined experimentally: increased hydraulic resistance of the mixed cake layer structure, hindered foulant diffusion due to interactions between solute concentration polarization (CP) layers, and changes in colloid surface properties due to organic adsorption. Additionally, a modified composite cell-model is developed to incorporate the structural differences of a merged, combined fouling layer. Results, including a synergistic effect caused by increased resistance of a heterogeneous fouling layer as well as the adsorption effects of interacting foulants, indicate that current fouling layer models need to be reexamined to include the mechanisms suggested in this study.
Updated coverage of selection, installation, operation, and maintenance of reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration systems (NF) in water treatment. Chapter topics encompass theory and applications, design, equipment, installation, operations, and maintenance. Includes tables, figures, appendixes, references, and glossary, with 4-color throughout.
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This is a process and application guidebook that encompasses the latest state of the art of commercial membrane desalination technology. This unique book provides a thorough overview and understanding of the RO, NF, and hybrid system, all with a detailed discussion on how to apply, design and operate potable systems and how to evaluate project economics using innovative membrane technologies. A must-read for all project engineers, plant designers, planners, utility directors, and operation managers, involved in municipal and industrial membrane projects. Scientists and academics interested in membrane desalination will find in this guidebook an insight into latest trends in commercial membrane desalination technologies for potable water applications. A step by step approach to design, operation and cost evaluation of membrane systems is explained in simple practical terms, all backed up by sample process calculations and case studies. The following major subjects are covered: Principles of membrane separation, RO/NF system configurations and system design parameters, Application of RO and nanofiltration technology in wastewater reclamation plants, Cost estimation and planning process of membrane desalination projects, Concentrate disposal, Hybrid systems. The contributors to the book are well known professionals in the desalination field with extensive involvement in research and development of membrane products and desalination processes. The book contents reflect their R&D work and experience in design, procurement and operation of numerous membrane systems
La nanofiltration est un procédé très utilisé ces dernières années dans de nombreux domaines industriels ou environnementaux tels que le dessalement d'eaux saumâtres, la purification d'effluents, ... L'objectif de ce livre est de présenter l'étude de la séparation de molécules chargées par nanofiltration. Celle-ci repose sur la description des différents phénomènes de transport régissant la rétention d'ions par une membrane chargée. Pour cela, un modèle de connaissance à été élaboré couplant d'une part la description bidimensionnelle du transport dans la couche de polarisation et d'autre part le partage à l'interface membrane / solution et le transport dans les pores. Cette approche fondamentale a été associée à une étude expérimentale de rétention de différentes solutions ioniques par une membrane AFC 40 (PCI). Ces essais nous ont permis de valider notre modèle expérimentalement. Une étude a ensuite été réalisée pour comprendre les interactions entre les mécanismes physiques qui interviennent sur la sélectivité entre les ions mono- et divalents. Pour finir, nous avons porté un regard critique sur les fondements physiques d'un tel modèle afin d'envisager d'éventuelles améliorations.